Annotate Bib

Works Cited

Broshuis, Garrett. "A Thank You Blanket." Life in the Minors. 9 Mar. 2010. Web. 10 Nov. 2011. . This is an announcement of Garrett Broshuis retirement and he is thanking everyone for their help in this career. This is significant because he thanks people even though he said he "failed". In his mind he failed despite their help when in reality he didn't really fail and they didn't really care. It shows how his psychology is wired.

Broshuis, Garrett. "Minors: Minor League Preview: Playing For Peanuts." BaseballAmerica.com. BaseballAmerica, 31 Mar. 2010. Web. 10 Nov. 2011. . In this article Broshuis goes into the living conditions of minor league baseball players and how they "play for peanuts". He talks about how they must live with host families are live in squalid apartments packed together. This is significant because it shows they have the same living conditions as all the other low wage workers.

Fisher, A. Craig. ""We're Number One"" Ed. A. Craig. Fisher. Psychology of Sport: Issues & Insights. Palo Alto, CA: Mayfield Pub., 1976. 80-90. Print. In this chapter, Fisher talks about the concept that athletes have developed over time that they are "number one". Athletes must have a sense of confidence and show that they are number one. They are constantly striving to be number one and "winning" is the most important thing. This is significant because minor league baseball players take on this mentality. Even though they are stuck in the low wage life they MUST be "number one" and continue until they are, even though it might never happen.

Haas, Minda. "Minor League Life « NewsNetNebraska." NewsNetNebraska. NewsNetNebraska, 10 May 2010. Web. 10 Nov. 2011. . This article goes into the lives that minor leaguers live. It talks about how most live below the poverty level and that they are viewed as "replaceable parts". This is significant when analyzing the low wage life of the minor leaguer, and discussing how they are viewed as just factors of production and part of the business.

Hahn, Erwin. "Emotions in Sports." Anxiety in Sports: an International Perspective. Ed. Dieter Hackfort and Charles Donald Spielberger. New York: Hemisphere Pub., 1989. 153-54. Print. In this chapter, Hahn describes emotions in elite sports. He talks about how emotions aren't taken into account by the coach and they are the "personal problems" of the athlete. The athlete must deal with these issues by himself because they are solely his problem. This is significant because sometimes athletes face crippling emotions. For minor league baseball players these emotions might be overwhelming, but they are "personal problems" and must be fixed internally, and they MUST be fixed.

Hanson, Tom. "Focused Baseball: Using Sports Psychology to Improve Baseball Performance." The Sport Psychologist's Handbook: a Guide for Sport-specific Performance Enhancement. Ed. Joaquin Dosil. Chichester, West Sussex, England: John Wiley, 2006. 159-82. Print. In this chapter, Hanson describes the "common" thoughts on psychology in baseball. These are the things that most psychologists agree on, and Hanson is using this chapter to help athletes improve their performance through this compiled knowledge of psychology. The athlete can improve his performance by thinking long-term, making self-adjustments, not letting externals get to him, not letting internal issues get to him, by being mentally tough, by not being a victim, and many others. All of these concepts make the baseball player responsible for taking control of himself and his performance. He is taught not to be a "victim" and to be a "gamer". This is significant because in a sense a minor leaguer working for low wages is a victim, but he must mentally tough, make self-adjustments, and be a gamer.

Hosek, Vaclav, and Frantisek Man. Anxiety in Sports: an International Perspective. Ed. Dieter Hackfort and Charles Donald Spielberger. New York: Hemisphere Pub., 1989. 247-56. Print. In this chapter, Hosek and Man put athletes under stress tests in order to find a better way that they can deal with stress. This is significant because athletes are constantly taught to "reduce" anxiety and deal with it. Minor leaguers who are facing a low wage life attempt to do the same thing and overcome the pressure and anxiety.

"How Much Money Do Minor League Baseball Players Make - Get Paid." Yougoprobaseball.com. Yougoprobaseball. Web. 10 Nov. 2011. . This source gives a pay scale for minor league baseball players.

McCarthy, Matt. "Chapter 5." Odd Man Out: a Year on the Mound with a Minor League Misfit. New York, NY: Viking, 2009. 123-66. Print. This chapter is about the living conditions and pay of minor league baseball players. The author discusses where they will live and the money that they have. This is significant because its a first hand account from a minor leaguer as he goes through the experience.

McIntyre, Thomas D., Merrill J. Melnick, and Dale P. Hart. "Backyard versus Little League Baseball: Some Observations on the Impoverishment of Children's Games in Contemporary America." Sport Sociology: Contemporary Themes. Ed. Andrew Yiannakis. By Edward C. Devereux. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Pub., 1976. 83-86. Print. In this chapter, Devereux discusses the differences between Little League baseball and backyard baseball. He describes that backyard baseball is more relaxed and allows all kids to gain enjoyment, where Little League baseball is run by adults, structured, and has many rules. He says this makes unnecessarily competitive. Everything becomes a competition to them. This is significant because this is how all minor leaguers were raised. They all came through Little League and they still hold onto these values.

McIntyre, Thomas D., Merrill J. Melnick, Dale P. Hart, Christopher L. Stevenson, and John E. Nixon. Sport Sociology: Contemporary Themes. Ed. Andrew Yiannakis. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Pub., 1976. 24-25. Print. In this chapter, Stevenson and Nixon talk about the socializing aspect of sports. They say that the values in sports are translated into the athletes lives and that most times these values are thought of beneficially. But they also point out that they can be detrimental too. This is significant because it allows us to see that the sports world and ideologies are becoming inseparable from the real world values and the real world. The sports attitude and characteristics and used in life by athletes.

McPherson, Barry D. "Retirement from Professional Sport: The Process and Problems of Occupational and Psychological Adjustment." Sport Sociology: Contemporary Themes. Ed. Andrew Yiannakis, Thomas D. McIntyre, Merrill J. Melnick, and Dale P. Hart. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Pub., 1976. 293-99. Print. In this chapter, McPherson analyzes the effects retirement has on professional athletes. He talks about readjusting to life outside of sports, and he says that a lot cannot handle it. The outside world doesn't provide what sports did and they become emotionally "crippled". This is significant when analyzing why minor leaguers don't do something else. Sports are a part of their identity and they are lost without them.

Nideffer, Robert M. "Anxiety, Attention, and Performance in Sports: Theoretical and Practical Considerations." Anxiety in Sports: an International Perspective. Ed. Dieter Hackfort and Charles Donald Spielberger. New York: Hemisphere Pub., 1989. 122-27. Print. In this chapter, NIdeffer talks about process vs. outcome. He describes that the athlete must focus on the process and not get discouraged by the outcome. He also talked about all the different ways certain personalties deal with pressure and anxiety. He uses these certain personalities to describe ways in which they can gain control of a situation when faced with adversity. This is significant because it really shows the significance pressure and anxiety has in sports. There are "many" different personalties that deal with anxiety and it must be "controlled". This shows the pressures athletes have to go through and more importantly the pressure and emphasis put on controlling that anxiety.

Perex, Fernando. "Player Journal: A Postseason Reflection." The Official Site of Minor League Baseball | MiLB.com Homepage. Minor League Baseball, 04 Oct. 2007. Web. 10 Nov. 2011. . This source is a player journal written by a minor league baseball player. This entry is written at the end of the season and it is about his reflections on the season. This source is significant because we are able to get inside the mind of a minor leaguer.

Schlosser, Eric. "Behind the Counter." Fast Food Nation: the Dark Side of the All-American Meal. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2001. Print. In this chapter, Schlosser talks about the employees that work at the fast food restaurants. He talks about how they are dispensable and are exploited because there is a demand to work. This is significant because this situation is completely mirrored in minor league baseball.

Schuhart, Alex. "Inside Pulse | Hey Old Guy! Career Minor Leaguers Who Just Won't Quit." Inside Pulse. 10 June 2010. Web. 10 Nov. 2011. . This article discusses the fact that they are a lot of career minor league baseball players. There are 30 year old men still in the minor leagues. This is significant because there are men still playing baseball for a low wage, which means there must be a psychological aspect to it.

Shipler, David K. "Work Doesn't Work." The Working Poor: Invisible in America. New York: Knopf, 2004. Print. In this chapter, Shipler talks about a woman named Caroline. She struggles to say above the poverty line because she has a daughter and can't find a good paying job or a break. She moves from place to place and this is hard on her and her daughter. This is significant because this is the same for minor league baseball players. They are constantly uprooted and the same with their families.